Ilkka
Kanerva
Former member of parliament
Votes 30 Jun 2015 – 5 Apr 2022
View positions in the archive ↗- Votes
- 6330
- Present
- 63%
- 2339 absent
- Against group
- 1.9%
- 73 / 3941 votes
- Speeches
- 66
- last on 29 Sep 2021
- 3449 yes
- 495 no
- 47 abstained
- 2339 absent
Voting history
How Ilkka Kanerva voted
The final votes on whether the law is passed or rejected (second reading). Votes on interim stages are on each proposal's own page. The group's position means the majority of the MP's own parliamentary group in the same vote.
2022
3 votes- 01AbsentEasing residence permits for students and researchersPassed with amendments
HE 232/2021 vp5 Apr 202290–58
- 02AbsentClarifying Teno fishing permits and supervisionPassed with amendments
HE 30/2021 vp5 Apr 202290–57
- 03AbsentState company for partial-capacity employmentPassed with amendments
HE 198/2021 vp15 Mar 202298–27
2021
17 votes- 04AbsentCOVID-19 vaccine requirement in healthcarePassed
HE 230/2021 vp27 Dec 2021107–32
- 05AbsentExtending Covid restrictions and Covid passPassed with amendments
HE 226/2021 vp20 Dec 2021106–36
- 06AbsentExtending transition period for in-house entity salesPassed
HE 168/2021 vp13 Dec 2021117–26
- 07AbsentReforming services and job search obligationsPassed with amendments
HE 167/2021 vp7 Dec 2021119–30
- 08NoAnnual basic fee for health protection supervisionPassed with amendments
HE 140/2021 vp16 Nov 202194–71
- 09YesRequiring compensation for non-compete agreementsPassed
HE 222/2020 vp9 Nov 2021132–35
- 10YesEarlier bank resolution fund mutualisationPassed
HE 100/2021 vp9 Nov 2021125–43
- 11YesReforming the European stability mechanismPassed
HE 99/2021 vp9 Nov 2021123–41
- 12AbsentIntroducing the COVID-19 passPassed with amendments
HE 131/2021 vp14 Oct 2021105–33
- 13YesStricter emissions limits for public vehicle procurementsPassed with amendments
HE 70/2021 vp22 Jun 202140–13
- 14YesImproving legal protection for asylum seekersPassed
HE 247/2020 vp22 Jun 202142–11
- 15NoEstablishing a continuous learning service centrePassed with amendments
HE 76/2021 vp22 Jun 202132–22
- 16NoEstablishing wellbeing services counties and the health and social services reformPassed with amendments
HE 241/2020 vp22 Jun 2021105–77
- 17AbsentTackling the exploitation of foreign labourPassed with amendments
HE 253/2020 vp8 Jun 202143–10
- 18YesApproval of the EU recovery packagePassed
HE 260/2020 vp17 May 2021134–57
- 19NoAllowing tighter restaurant restrictionsPassed with amendments
HE 32/2021 vp14 Apr 202131–21
- 20AbsentClosure of high-risk premisesPassed with amendments
HE 31/2021 vp27 Mar 202131–14
2020
9 votes- 21AbsentExtending compulsory education to 18Passed with amendments
HE 173/2020 vp14 Dec 202031–24
- 22AbsentEstablishing Defence Properties in Senate GroupPassed with amendments
HE 31/2020 vp8 Dec 202032–22
- 23AbsentRaising alcohol taxPassed
HE 145/2020 vp17 Nov 202034–22
- 24AbsentAbolishing quality-based diesel tax reductionsPassed
HE 144/2020 vp17 Nov 202033–24
- 25AbsentCancelling the introduction of light carsPassed
HE 128/2020 vp15 Oct 202032–22
- 26AbsentExpanding EV charging and building automationPassed with amendments
HE 23/2020 vp15 Oct 202042–12
- 27AbsentEpidemic compensation for social assistance recipientsPassed with amendments
HE 105/2020 vp29 Sep 202034–22
- 28AbsentRaising aftercare age for unaccompanied minorsPassed with amendments
HE 79/2020 vp22 Jun 202045–10
- 29AbsentExpanding asylum seekers' right to workPassed
HE 65/2020 vp9 Jun 202043–11
2019
12 votes- 30NoRaising taxes on transport fuelsPassed
HE 66/2019 vp10 Dec 201994–64
- 31YesChanges to income taxation for 2020Passed
HE 24/2019 vp10 Dec 2019126–34
- 32NoPostponing legislation on light carsPassed
HE 21/2019 vp15 Oct 2019105–35The group voted jaa
- 33AbsentStreamlining research use of health dataPassed with amendments
HE 159/2017 vp12 Mar 201992–80
- 34AbsentBank account monitoring and cryptocurrency regulationPassed with amendments
HE 167/2018 vp12 Mar 2019155–17
- 35AbsentMore flexible mining permit applicationsPassed with amendments
HE 293/2018 vp12 Mar 201989–79
- 36YesEquity savings accounts for retail investorsPassed with amendments
HE 279/2018 vp26 Feb 2019126–57
- 37YesRestricting subsequent asylum applications and workPassed with amendments
HE 273/2018 vp26 Feb 2019145–33
- 38YesBanning coal in energy productionPassed
HE 200/2018 vp26 Feb 2019170–14
- 39YesElectronic platform for waste and side streamsPassed with amendments
HE 248/2018 vp26 Feb 201999–85
- 40AbsentConverting repeated fines into imprisonmentPassed with amendments
HE 178/2018 vp12 Feb 2019154–22
- 41AbsentTightening biofuel distribution obligationsPassed
HE 199/2018 vp5 Feb 2019156–12
2018
21 votes- 42YesEasing dismissal criteria and waiting periodsPassed
HE 227/2018 vp17 Dec 2018102–72
- 43YesAllowing light cars for young peoplePassed with amendments
HE 173/2018 vp17 Dec 2018167–12
- 44YesReforming cross-border social securityPassed
HE 188/2018 vp17 Dec 2018119–62
- 45YesFreezing national pension index-linked benefitsPassed with amendments
HE 160/2018 vp17 Dec 201897–84
- 46YesRaising heating and machinery fuel taxesPassed with amendments
HE 191/2018 vp4 Dec 2018167–11
- 47AbsentRaising the soft drinks taxPassed
HE 166/2018 vp28 Nov 2018109–57
- 48AbsentFreezing index increases in education and culturePassed
HE 126/2018 vp28 Nov 201887–79
- 49AbsentStricter penalties for breaching entry bansPassed with amendments
HE 146/2018 vp27 Nov 2018136–29
- 50YesParticipation in NATO's Iraq training missionPassed
HE 209/2018 vp21 Nov 2018150–11
- 51YesLowering the basic vehicle taxPassed
HE 170/2018 vp21 Nov 2018137–20
- 52YesFlexibility in public-service employment termsPassed with amendments
HE 37/2018 vp7 Nov 2018100–71
- 53YesReforming transport and communications agenciesPassed with amendments
HE 61/2018 vp24 Oct 201894–69
- 54YesRemoving protection for jackdawsPassed
HE 83/2018 vp26 Jun 2018148–23
- 55YesTransferring traffic control to a state companyPassed with amendments
HE 34/2018 vp26 Jun 2018115–58
- 56YesReforming daycare staffing and qualityPassed with amendments
HE 40/2018 vp26 Jun 2018127–45
- 57YesCompetitive aid for renewable electricityPassed with amendments
HE 175/2017 vp22 May 2018148–15
- 58YesLimiting municipal waste management responsibilitiesPassed
HE 195/2017 vp15 May 2018144–38
- 59YesApproving the EU-Canada trade agreementPassed
HE 149/2017 vp15 May 2018141–42
- 60AbsentFacilitating apprenticeship contractsPassed
HE 189/2017 vp10 Apr 2018101–55
- 61YesAdditional fuel tax refund for agriculturePassed with amendments
HE 7/2018 vp3 Apr 2018159–20
- 62YesConsolidating transport regulation and registersPassed with amendments
HE 145/2017 vp20 Mar 201899–65
2017
24 votes- 63YesIntroducing the unemployment activation modelPassed with amendments
HE 124/2017 vp19 Dec 2017103–90
- 64YesReforming alcohol legislation and liberalising salesPassed with amendments
HE 100/2017 vp19 Dec 2017124–65
- 65AbsentCapping maximum housing allowance expensesPassed with amendments
HE 161/2017 vp12 Dec 201796–86
- 66AbsentOptional second national language experimentPassed with amendments
HE 114/2017 vp12 Dec 2017113–68
- 67YesRaising fisheries management feesPassed
HE 118/2017 vp8 Dec 2017114–68
- 68YesDrink-driving fines and police driving bansPassed
HE 103/2017 vp8 Dec 2017103–77
- 69YesExtending environmental leave to appealPassed with amendments
HE 43/2017 vp8 Dec 2017124–57
- 70YesFreezing 2018 social benefit index increasesPassed with amendments
HE 123/2017 vp8 Dec 2017106–77
- 71YesReimbursing municipalities for emergency social servicesPassed
HE 162/2017 vp8 Dec 2017169–14
- 72YesFreezing indexation in education and culturePassed
HE 99/2017 vp8 Dec 201799–84
- 73YesRaising taxes on heating fuelsPassed
HE 138/2017 vp8 Dec 2017163–21
- 74YesSetting 2018 unemployment insurance contributionsPassed
HE 136/2017 vp29 Nov 2017166–12
- 75YesReforming seasonal worker and specialist permitsPassed with amendments
HE 80/2017 vp22 Nov 2017161–16
- 76YesDownsizing and centralising district courtsPassed with amendments
HE 270/2016 vp22 Nov 201795–77
- 77YesRaising property tax rate rangesPassed with amendments
HE 133/2017 vp25 Oct 2017131–29
- 78YesHigher property tax on wind farmsPassed
HE 96/2017 vp25 Oct 2017151–8
- 79AbsentVocational education and training reformPassed with amendments
HE 39/2017 vp30 Jun 2017112–57
- 80YesTransferring employment services to trial municipalitiesPassed with amendments
HE 51/2017 vp28 Jun 2017137–24
- 81YesFlexible postal delivery and universal servicePassed with amendments
HE 272/2016 vp21 Jun 201797–79
- 82YesTransferring evaluation and examination bodiesPassed with amendments
HE 31/2017 vp31 May 2017102–62
- 83YesReform of the book-entry systemPassed with amendments
HE 28/2016 vp17 May 201794–62
- 84AbsentReforming joint public service pointsPassed
HE 188/2016 vp19 Apr 201796–58
- 85YesStreamlining planning and building permitsPassed with amendments
HE 251/2016 vp31 Mar 2017109–46
- 86AbsentRevising the Teno River fishing agreementPassed with amendments
HE 239/2016 vp22 Mar 2017111–53
2016
38 votes- 87YesDeregulating education and student welfarePassed with amendments
HE 206/2016 vp21 Dec 2016106–56
- 88YesEasing rural wastewater requirementsPassed with amendments
HE 128/2016 vp20 Dec 2016116–55
- 89YesTightening unemployment benefit obligations and conditionsPassed with amendments
HE 210/2016 vp20 Dec 2016132–40
- 90YesReforming hospital and emergency networksPassed with amendments
HE 224/2016 vp20 Dec 2016109–65
- 91YesLaunching a two-year basic income experimentPassed with amendments
HE 215/2016 vp20 Dec 2016168–5
- 92AbsentTransferring students to general housing allowancePassed
HE 231/2016 vp13 Dec 2016118–45
- 93AbsentEnabling a state development companyPassed
HE 233/2016 vp13 Dec 2016155–9
- 94AbsentEmissions trading compensation for industryPassed
HE 147/2016 vp13 Dec 2016130–29
- 95AbsentExtending social security to same-sex couplesPassed with amendments
HE 232/2016 vp13 Dec 2016128–28
- 96AbsentReforming student aid and increasing loansPassed
HE 229/2016 vp13 Dec 2016101–64
- 97AbsentCutting vocational education and culture fundingPassed with amendments
HE 177/2016 vp13 Dec 2016101–63
- 98AbsentCutting insurance aid for commercial fishingPassed
HE 179/2016 vp13 Dec 2016100–63
- 99AbsentAbolishing confectionery and ice cream taxPassed
HE 137/2016 vp13 Dec 2016111–52
- 100AbsentEasing staffing obligations in elderly carePassed
HE 218/2016 vp9 Dec 201697–64
- 101AbsentFreezing index increases in church fundingPassed
HE 247/2016 vp9 Dec 201696–63
- 102AbsentIntroducing an entrepreneur tax deductionPassed with amendments
HE 176/2016 vp9 Dec 2016118–41
- 103AbsentTax relief for forest generational transfersPassed with amendments
HE 158/2016 vp9 Dec 2016111–49
- 104YesFacilitating hiring and extending probationPassed with amendments
HE 105/2016 vp30 Nov 2016116–56
- 105YesMedicine reimbursement cuts and price competitionPassed
HE 184/2016 vp30 Nov 2016144–29
- 106YesFreezing pensioner housing allowance limitsPassed
HE 152/2016 vp23 Nov 2016102–62
- 107YesSmall reduction in child benefitPassed
HE 151/2016 vp23 Nov 2016100–61
- 108YesCutting national pension index-linked benefitsPassed with amendments
HE 149/2016 vp23 Nov 201698–60
- 109AbsentShortening the duration of unemployment allowancePassed
HE 113/2016 vp16 Nov 2016100–47
- 110AbsentCutting the adult education allowancePassed
HE 153/2016 vp11 Nov 2016131–12
- 111AbsentRaising property taxes for 2017Passed
HE 174/2016 vp9 Nov 2016106–39
- 112YesTransferring pension contributions to employeesPassed
HE 130/2016 vp7 Oct 2016133–8
- 113YesAbolishing national restrictions on cabotagePassed
HE 143/2015 vp22 Jun 2016127–45
- 114YesReforming courts and judicial trainingPassed with amendments
HE 7/2016 vp22 Jun 2016109–63
- 115YesSpeeding up asylum processes and appealsPassed with amendments
HE 32/2016 vp22 Jun 2016106–63
- 116YesTightening conditions for family reunificationPassed with amendments
HE 43/2016 vp22 Jun 2016102–67
- 117AbsentShort-term interest subsidy for rental housingPassed with amendments
HE 76/2016 vp17 Jun 2016115–43
- 118AbsentFacilitating entry into postal operationsPassed
HE 18/2016 vp11 May 201692–46
- 119YesAbolishing humanitarian protection residence permitsPassed
HE 2/2016 vp13 Apr 2016107–29
- 120YesIncorporating Metsähallitus forestry operationsPassed with amendments
HE 132/2015 vp30 Mar 2016108–64
- 121YesRequiring energy certificates for more buildingsPassed
HE 150/2015 vp16 Mar 2016120–33
- 122YesTransferring building exemptions to municipalitiesPassed with amendments
HE 148/2015 vp9 Mar 2016103–47
- 123YesTightening annual holiday and illness rulesPassed with amendments
HE 145/2015 vp9 Mar 201694–47
- 124AbsentLegislative amendments for gender-neutral marriagePassed with amendments
HE 65/2015 vp17 Feb 2016106–42
2015
17 votes- 125YesClarifying unemployment insurance and entrepreneur definitionsPassed
HE 94/2015 vp15 Dec 2015140–42
- 126YesTightening conditions for housing allowancePassed
HE 127/2015 vp15 Dec 2015123–63
- 127YesCutting health insurance reimbursements and copaymentsPassed with amendments
HE 106/2015 vp15 Dec 2015114–71
- 128AbsentAbolishing university pharmacy compensationPassed
HE 76/2015 vp15 Dec 2015113–71
- 129AbsentTuition fees for non-EU studentsPassed
HE 77/2015 vp15 Dec 2015137–46
- 130AbsentRaising morning and afternoon activity feesPassed
HE 78/2015 vp15 Dec 2015112–70
- 131AbsentRestricting early childhood education and carePassed with amendments
HE 80/2015 vp15 Dec 2015114–65
- 132YesEnding ministry confirmation of regional plansPassed
HE 114/2015 vp9 Dec 2015151–20
- 133YesCutting funding for education and culturePassed
HE 79/2015 vp9 Dec 2015117–55
- 134YesFreezing index increases for higher educationPassed
HE 38/2015 vp9 Dec 2015108–64
- 135AbsentFreezing index increases to Yle fundingPassed
HE 44/2015 vp2 Dec 2015102–59
- 136YesEnding study grant index adjustmentsPassed with amendments
HE 40/2015 vp25 Nov 2015110–57
- 137YesRaising and extending court feesPassed with amendments
HE 29/2015 vp25 Nov 2015110–59
- 138YesRaising retirement age and pension reformPassed with amendments
HE 16/2015 vp20 Nov 2015157–4
- 139YesRaising guarantee pensions, abolishing dietary allowancePassed
HE 50/2015 vp20 Nov 2015103–59
- 140YesReforming rail markets and track chargesPassed with amendments
HE 13/2015 vp20 Nov 2015108–54
- 141YesCutting car tax, raising vehicle taxPassed
HE 33/2015 vp20 Nov 2015100–59
Speeches
How Ilkka Kanerva spoke
Speeches in plenary sessions on government proposals, newest first. The text is a verbatim record from Parliament's minutes.
66 speeches
Highlights
”Näin muodoin lojaalisuusvaatimus on luonnollinen ja itsestään selvä tällaisessa nykymaailman tilanteessa — yhdessä maassa kun ei voi olla kuin yksi isäntä kerrallaan.”
In favour · Restricting foreign ties in military posts
”on tärkeää valtion kokonaisturvallisuuden kannalta, että nämä instrumentit nyt tulevat käyttöön”
In favour · State intervention in security-threatening property transactions
The quotes come from debate digests where an AI picked the MP's speech to represent the group's position. They have been checked verbatim against the minutes.
29 Sep 2021Preliminary debateReply2 min
Central government budget for 2022HE 146/2021 vpArvoisa puhemies! Yhdyn kyllä myös hallitusaition näkemyksiin ulkopolitiikan kuvasta 99-prosenttisesti, kuten edustaja Tuomiojakin, jonka näkemys EU:n roolista on myöskin helppo allekirjoittaa. Mutta eräs huomionarvoinen seikka, josta toivoisin, että hallitus pikkuhiljaa kykenisi linjaamaan oman käsityksensä, on se,…
11 May 2021Single readingReply1 min
Approval of the EU recovery packageHE 260/2020 vpArvoisa puhemies! Kiitos. Sen verran vain totean, että kun tässä tyylilaji on irvailu, [Mauri Peltokangas: Irvokas, korjaan, edustaja Kanerva! — Puhemies: Nyt on edustaja Kanervalla puheenvuoro!] niin olen hieman pettynyt siihen, koska on kysymys täysivaltaisista, vakavasti otettavista edustajista, jotka…
11 May 2021Single readingReply20 s
Approval of the EU recovery packageHE 260/2020 vpHerra puhemies! Edelleen lyhyesti pyrin vastaamaan tähän. Ei se ole sidottu tähän vaalikauteen. Se on kanta, jonka Suomen eduskunta on ottanut, ja jos siitä poiketaan, Suomen eduskunta joutuisi tekemään vastaavalla enemmistöllä uudet päätökset.
11 May 2021Single readingReply1 min
Approval of the EU recovery packageHE 260/2020 vpKiitoksia, arvoisa puhemies, pelisilmästä! Sen verran edustaja Ranteelle, joka poikkeuksellisen hyvin tuntee kokoomuksen historiaa ja nykypäivää — eikö niin — edustaja Ranne, te olette sillä tavoin oikeassa, että jos ei olisi Suomen osalta mitään merkitystä sillä eduskunnan kannalla, mitä valtiovarainvaliokunnan…
11 May 2021Single readingReply1 min
Approval of the EU recovery packageHE 260/2020 vpArvoisa puhemies... [Puhuja aloittaa puheenvuoron mikrofonin ollessa suljettuna] No niin. — Arvoisa puhemies! Minulla on kädessäni tämä talouskomissaari Dombrovskisin näkemys siitä, kuinka asiaa tulee hoitaa, ja minun on mahdotonta nähdä tästä tätä tulkintaa, jonka ystäväni edustaja Niikko tässä esitti. Samoin minulla…
11 May 2021Single readingReply2 min
Approval of the EU recovery packageHE 260/2020 vpArvoisa puhemies! Tähän perussuomalaisten ryhmälle toteaisin, että minä todella toivon, että tässä ei puhuta ohi sen, minkä te itsekin tiedätte oikeaksi. Jos eduskunta huomenna päättää kahden kolmasosan enemmistöllään sen, mikä on valtiovarainvaliokunnan mietinnössä, se on Suomen kanta, se on eduskunnan kanta ja se…
11 May 2021Single readingReply1 min
Approval of the EU recovery packageHE 260/2020 vpArvoisa puhemies! Suomihan on melkein tilastossa kuin tilastossa maailman parhaiden maiden kärjessä — eturivin kansakunta joka tapauksessa. Siis jotain tässä maassa osataan tehdä oikein. Tässä yhteydessä haluan tähän viitata sen vuoksi, että kyllä meidän kannattaa olla satavuotiaana kansakuntana aikuisia myös sikäli,…
11 May 2021Single readingGroup speech5 min
Approval of the EU recovery packageHE 260/2020 vpArvoisa puhemies! Suomen jäsenyys Euroopan unionissa on meille sekä arvo-, talous- että turvallisuuspoliittinen valinta. Liittyessään Euroopan unionin jäseneksi Suomi käytti sille kuuluvaa, avautunutta mahdollisuutta liittyä niiden valtioiden joukkoon, joiden kanssa jaamme samat yhteiskunnalliset arvot, sosiaalisesti…
10 Feb 2021Preliminary debateReply1 min
Approval of the EU recovery packageHE 260/2020 vpArvoisa puhemies! Tämä kriisi, josta täällä on puhuttu, ei kovistele vain Eurooppaa. Se on globaalijärjestelmän ongelma. Sen me tiedämme. Meidän on erityisesti huolehdittava omista toimistamme, ja toivon, ettei eduskunta eivätkä ministerit myöskään sorru siihen, että perusteettomasti haukumme toinen toisiamme ja…
10 Feb 2021Preliminary debateReply2 min
Approval of the EU recovery packageHE 260/2020 vpArvoisa puhemies! On todettu, että EU-päätös oli tai on toisen maailmansodan jälkeen Suomen merkittävin ratkaisu niin turvallisuuspoliittisesti kuin talouspoliittisestikin. Ulkopolitiikan osalta asiassa vallitsee aika laaja positiivinen konsensus. Sen sijaan talouspolitiikan osalta EU:n historia on ajautumista…
8 Oct 2020Preliminary debateReply1 min
Budget for 2021HE 146/2020 vpArvoisa puhemies! Lähden siitä, mihin ulkoministeri päätti puheenvuoronsa, ajatuksesta ”alliance for multilateralism” — hyvä, kaunis, kannatettava ajatus. Mutta pitää samalla muistaa, että se saattaa riskeerata YK-järjestelmän perusteita, ja siihen ei pidä olla myötävaikuttamassa sinänsä. Me olemme todistamassa…
8 Oct 2020Preliminary debateReply1 min
Budget for 2021HE 146/2020 vpEn ehkä pyytänyt, mutta käytän. [Naurua] Ei, kyllä minä olen pyytänyt useamman kerran, puhemies... ...vähän huonolla menestyksellä [Eduskunnasta: Nyt on menestystä!] — tämä käy varsin hyvin — kehuakseni kyllä näitä toimenpiteitä, joita hallitus ulkopolitiikassaan ja kansainvälisessä toiminnassaan edustaa. Mutta tässä…
8 Oct 2020Preliminary debateReply1 min
Budget for 2021HE 146/2020 vpArvoisa puhemies! On tosi motivoivaa saada puheenvuoro tässä vaiheessa listaa, jossa puhujia on ollut jo parikymmentä vähintäänkin ja ministerillä on minuutti—kaksi aikaa vastata niihin. On täysin kestämätön tilanne sinänsä käydä tätä keskustelua, joka ei ole todellinen. Mutta sanonpa nyt kuitenkin oman mielipiteeni…
8 Oct 2020Preliminary debateReply1 min
Budget for 2021HE 146/2020 vpArvoisa puhemies! Oikeastaan minulla on kysymys ulkoministerille ajatellen sitä, kuinka tärkeää meidän maailmassamme ja ajattelussamme, mielenmaisemassa, on arvopohjainen ulkopolitiikka. Nyt on vaan niin, että niillä voimistuvilla valtakeskuksilla maailmanpolitiikassa, jotka ottavat enenevää, suurempaa, kasvavaa…
8 Oct 2020Preliminary debateReply1 min
Budget for 2021HE 146/2020 vpArvoisa puhemies! Selville on käynyt tässäkin keskustelussa, että meidän puolustusasiamme on hoidettu esimerkillisellä tavalla — hyvä niin. Eräs lisäarvo, jota puolustuksellemme haemme, on tämä kansainvälinen yhteistyö ja partnerius. Siinä kehikossa on puolestaan monta, monta elementtiä: kahdenkeskiset sopimukset…